“Man, the Unknown” was reprinted in America fifty times after the first publication, and was translated into eighteen languages.
“The science of man will be the task for the future. Man must now turn his attention to himself. The development of the science of man, even more than that of the other sciences, depends on immense intellectual effort. We must realize clearly that the science of man is the most difficult of all sciences. Science, which has transformed the material world, gives man the power of transforming himself. To progress again, man must remake himself.”
Alexis Carrel ( 1873 – 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques. He invented the first perfusion pump with Charles A. Lindbergh opening the way to organ transplantation. He is also known for making famous a miraculous healing at Lourdes by witnessing the event Like many intellectuals before World War II he promoted eugenics.
Eugenics is the "applied science or the bio-social movement which advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population", usually referring to the manipulation of human populations.
By the mid-20th century eugenics had fallen into disfavor, having become associated with "racial hygiene", human experimentation, and the extermination of "undesired" population groups.
In Canada, the eugenics movement gained support early in the 20th century as prominent physicians drew a direct link between heredity and public health. Eugenics was enforced by law in two Canadian provinces.
In 1928, the Province of Alberta, Canada, passed legislation that enabled the government to perform involuntary sterilizations on individuals classified as mentally deficient. In order to implement the Sexual Sterilization Act of Alberta in 1928, a four-person Alberta Eugenics Board was created. These four individuals were responsible for approving sterilization procedures. In 1972, the Sexual Sterilization Act was repealed, and the Eugenics Board dismantled. During the 43 years of the Eugenics Board, it approved nearly 5,000 individual sterilizations, and 2,832 procedures were actually performed.
The campaign to enforce this action was backed by groups such as the United Farm Women's Group, including key member Emily Murphy.
As in Alberta, the British Columbia Eugenics Board could recommend the sterilization of those it considered to be suffering from "mental disease or mental deficiency".
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