Thelema
is a religion is
founded upon the idea that the 20th century marked the beginning of the Aeon of
Horus, in which a new ethical code would be followed; "Do what thou wilt
shall be the whole of the Law".
The word θέλημα (thelema)
is rare in classical Greek, where it "signifies the appetitive will:
desire, sometimes even sexual", but it is frequent in the Septuagint. Early Christian writings
occasionally use the word to refer to the human will, and even the will of
God's opponent, the Devil, but it usually refers to the will of God.
François Rabelais was a Franciscan and later a Benedictine
monk of the 16th century. Eventually he left the monastery to
study medicine, and moved to the French city of Lyon in 1532. It was there that he wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel, a connected series of books. They tell the story of two giants—a
father (Gargantua) and his son (Pantagruel) and their adventures—written in an
amusing, extravagant, and satirical vein. Rabelais
wrote from a Christian humanist perspective. It
is in the first book (ch. 52-57) that Rabelais writes of this Abbey of
Thélème, built by the giant Gargantua. It
is a classical utopia presented
in order to critique and assess the state of the society of Rabelais' day, as opposed to a modern
utopian text which seeks to create the scenario in practice. It is a utopia where people's desires
are more fulfilled. However, as well
as being satirical, it also epitomises the ideals considered in Rabelais' fiction. The inhabitants of the abbey were governed only by their own free
will and pleasure, the only rule being "Do What Thou Wilt". Rabelais believed
that men that are free, well born and bred have honour, which intrinsically
leads to virtuous actions. When
constrained, their noble natures turn instead to remove their servitude,
because men desire what they are denied.
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Francis Dashwood
15th Baron le Despencer
( 1708 – 1781)
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Sir Francis Dashwood adopted some of the ideas of Rabelais and invoked the same rule in
French, when he founded a group called the Monks of Medmenham (better known as The
Hellfire Club*). An abbey
was established at Medmenham,
in
a property which incorporated the ruins of a Cistercian
abbey founded in 1201. The group were known as the
Franciscans, not after Saint Francis
of Assisi,
but after its
founder, Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron
le Despencer.
John Wilkes,
George
Dodington and other
politicians were members. We have little direct evidence of
what Dashwood's Hellfire Club did or believed.
The one direct testimonial
comes from John Wilkes, a member who never got into the chapter-room of the inner circle.
He
describes them as hedonists
who met to "celebrate
woman in wine",
and added ideas from the ancients just to make the experience more decadent.
*[The Hellfire Club was a name for several exclusive clubs for high
society rakes established in Britain and Ireland in the 18th century, and was
more formally or cautiously known as the Order of the Friars of St. Francis of
Wycombe. These clubs were rumoured to be the meeting places of "persons of
quality" who wished to take part in immoral acts, and the members were
often very involved in politics. Neither
the activities nor membership of the club are easy to ascertain.]
Fire, I'll take you to burn.
Fire, I'll take you to learn.
Arthur Brown
Lyrics
" Fire "
Aleister
Crowley (1875–1947) was an English occultist and
writer. In 1904, Crowley claimed to have received The Book of the Law
from an entity named Aiwass, which
was to serve as the foundation of the religious and philosophical system he
called Thelema.
Thelema is a spiritual philosophy or
religion that was developed by the early 20th century British writer and
ceremonial magician, Aleister Crowley.
He came to believe himself to be the
prophet of a new age, the Æon
of Horus, based upon a
spiritual experience that he and his wife, Rose Edith, had in Egypt in 1904. By his account, a possibly
non-corporeal or "praeterhuman[1]" being that called itself Aiwass contacted him and dictated a
text known as The Book of the Law
or Liber AL vel Legis, which
outlined the principles of Thelema.
An adherent of Thelema is a Thelemite.
[1] "Some of you may have heard
of the term praeter-human entity,
and in the context of this discussion this phrase should be recognized as that
which is beyond the human. In occult tradition it is accepted that there are
spiritual beings in existence out of the general reaches of human
manifestation, and therefore not subject to the same laws of space and time
which operate on our dimension. History is replete with accounts of contact
between such beings and humans. Examples which spring to mind are, Moses receiving the Ten commandments,
the conversion of Saul on the road to Damascus, the seances of Dr John Dee and Sir Edward Kelly and Aleister Crowley's contact with Aiwass, Amalantrah and Abuldiz. Contact with such higher forces is
usually considered to be beneficial, resulting in the communication of new
knowledge and understanding."[ Simon
Hinton, The Typhonian
Tradition, pg. 9.]
According to Crowley, every individual has a True Will, to be
distinguished from the ordinary wants and desires of the ego. The True Will is
essentially one's "calling" or "purpose" in life. Thelema draws its principal gods and
goddesses from Ancient Egyptian religion. Thelemic magick is a system of physical, mental, and spiritual
exercises which practitioners believe are of benefit. Crowley defined magick as "the Science and Art of
causing Change to occur in conformity with Will", and spelled it with a 'k' to distinguish it from stage magic.
Crowley was a prolific writer,
integrating Eastern practices with Western magical practices from the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. He recommended a number of these practices to his followers,
including basic yoga; (asana and pranayama); rituals of his own devising or
based on those of the Golden Dawn.
There
are no "standards of Right". Ethics is balderdash. Each Star must go
on its own orbit. To hell with "moral principle"; there is no such
thing. —Aleister Crowley
The Right-Hand Path
The Right-Hand Path is
commonly thought to refer to magical or religious groups which adhere to a
certain set of characteristics:
- They adhere to social conventions and avoid taboos.
- They divide the concepts of mind, body and spirit
into three separate, albeit interrelated entities.
- They adhere to a specific
moral code and a belief in some form of judgement, such as karma or the Threefold
Law.
The Left-Hand Path
Left-Hand Path practices:
•
They
often reject societal convention and the status quo, which some suggest is in a
search for spiritual freedom. As a part of this, LHP followers embrace magical
techniques that would traditionally be viewed as taboo, for instance using sex
magic or embracing Satanic imagery.
•
They
often question religious or moral dogma, instead adhering to forms of personal
anarchism.
•
They
often embrace sexuality and incorporate it into magical ritual.
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